What is porcelain?

Nowadays, porcelain can be easily found in almost any household, but this hasn't always been the case. From its origins in China to the booming trade the UK"s potteries experienced during the Industrial Revolution, porcelain has endured quite the journey over the centuries...

What is porcelain?

A type of ceramic, porcelain is a strong pottery product created by heating materials in a kiln at incredibly high temperatures up to 1400 degrees. The Cambridge dictionary defines porcelain as 'a hard but delicate, shiny, white substance made by heating a special type of clay to a high temperature, used to make cups, plates, decorations, etc.'

Often referred to as 'fine china' due to its origins, its English name derives from the Italian name for cowrie shells 'porcellana' because of the similarity in the appearance of porcelain and the shell's surface. Though types of porcelain vary depending on the maker and origins, there are three main forms it can be categorised into, depending on the paste used and the way it is fired: soft paste, hard paste and bone china.

Who invented porcelain?

The process of creating porcelain began in China around 3,000 years ago, using kaolin clay and petuntse rock fired at high temperatures, creating what we now refer to as stoneware. A lot of time was taken to perfect the process and, after many centuries, creators were able to achieve the translucent, white porcelain appearance we recognise today. The invention of porcelain was huge for the industry, its material and surface allowing glazes and paints to be applied, which led to the introduction of more decorative designs.

When did porcelain arrive in Europe?

Porcelain arrived in Europe during the 14th century, when Chinese porcelain and ceramics were highly sought after and regarded as luxury goods.

What is porcelain?